Merhaba sevgili 4. sınıf öğrencim! Fen Bilimleri dersinde bölüm sonu değerlendirmesi zamanı gelmiş. Hazırsan, resimdeki soruları birlikte adım adım çözelim ve konuyu iyice anlayalım.
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Soru 1:
Aşağıdaki fotoğrafları inceleyelim. Fotoğraflardaki ışık kirliliğine neden olan faktörleri belirleyelim.
Bu soruda bize iki tane fotoğraf gösterilmiş. Bu fotoğraflara bakarak, çevremizdeki yapay ışıkların fazlalığı olan ışık kirliliğine nelerin sebep olduğunu bulmamız isteniyor. Hadi fotoğraflara dikkatlice bakalım:
Fotoğraf 1: Şehir manzarası. Gecenin ilerleyen saatlerinde bile gökyüzü parlak ve birçok ışık görünüyor. Bu ışıklar nereden geliyor olabilir dersin?
- Evlerimizdeki lambalar
- Sokak lambaları
- Binalardaki aydınlatmalar
- Arabaların farları
- Reklam panoları
Fotoğraf 2: Bir köprü ve çevresindeki ışıklar. Köprünün üzerindeki ve etrafındaki lambalar oldukça parlak. Bu da yine yapay ışık kaynaklarından.
Her iki fotoğrafta da ortak olan şey, gece olmasına rağmen şehirlerin ve yapıların bolca ışıkla aydınlatılmış olması. Bu durum, gökyüzüne doğru yayılan gereksiz ışıkların artmasına neden oluyor.
Sonuç: Fotoğraflardaki ışık kirliliğine neden olan faktörler şunlardır:
- Şehirlerdeki aydınlatmalar (sokak lambaları, binaların aydınlatmaları)
- Trafikte kullanılan ışıklar (araç farları)
- Reklam panoları ve binalardaki süs aydınlatmaları gibi gereksiz yere kullanılan yapay ışıklar.
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Soru 2:
Işık kirliliğinin doğal hayata ve gök cisimlerinin gözlenmesine olan olumsuz etkilerini düşünerek yarım bırakılan cümleleri tamamlayalım.
Şimdi de ışık kirliliğinin canlılar ve gökyüzünü izlemek üzerindeki kötü etkilerini düşünerek cümleleri tamamlayacağız.
İlk cümle: “Ben bir deniz kaplumbağasıyım. Işık kirliliği nedeniyle 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Deniz kaplumbağası hikayesi: Deniz kaplumbağaları yumurtalarını bırakmak için kumsallara çıkarlar. Ancak şehirlerin aydınlık olması, onları şaşırtabilir ve yollarını kaybetmelerine neden olabilir. Ayrıca, yapay ışıklar yavruların denize ulaşmasını da zorlaştırabilir.
Sonuç (Deniz kaplumbağası için): “Ben bir deniz kaplumbağasıyım. Işık kirliliği nedeniyle yumurtlamak için doğru kumsalı bulmakta zorlanıyorum ve bazen yollarımı kaybediyorum. Ayrıca, yavrularım da deniz kenarına ulaşmakta güçlük çekiyor.”
İkinci cümle: “Ben bir gök bilimciyim. Işık kirliliği nedeniyle ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………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